Aula de Ingles [infantil]

Aulas de Ingles

Por um professor nativo!

Matthew Chapter 1

Matthew Chapter 1 

 1 The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham.
Livro da geração de Jesus Cristo, filho de Davi, filho de Abraão. 

 2 Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat Judas and his brethren;
Abraão gerou a Isaque; e Isaque gerou a Jacó; e Jacó gerou a Judá e a seus irmãos; 

 3 And Judas begat Phares and Zara of Thamar; and Phares begat Esrom; and Esrom begat Aram;
 E Judá gerou, de Tamar, a Perez e a Zerá; e Perez gerou a Esrom; e Esrom gerou a Arão; 

 4 And Aram begat Aminadab; and Aminadab begat Naasson; and Naasson begat Salmon;
 E Arão gerou a Aminadabe; e Aminadabe gerou a Naassom; e Naassom gerou a Salmom; 

 5 And Salmon begat Booz of Rachab; and Booz begat Obed of Ruth; and Obed begat Jesse;
E Salmom gerou, de Raabe, a Boaz; e Boaz gerou de Rute a Obede; e Obede gerou a Jessé;

 6 And Jesse begat David the king; and David the king begat Solomon of her that had been the wife of Urias;
E Jessé gerou ao rei Davi; e o rei Davi gerou a Salomão da que foi mulher de Urias. 

 7 And Solomon begat Roboam; and Roboam begat Abia; and Abia begat Asa;
E Salomão gerou a Roboão; e Roboão gerou a Abias; e Abias gerou a Asa; 

 8 And Asa begat Josaphat; and Josaphat begat Joram; and Joram begat Ozias;
E Asa gerou a Josafá; e Josafá gerou a Jorão; e Jorão gerou a Uzias; 

 9 And Ozias begat Joatham; and Joatham begat Achaz; and Achaz begat Ezekias;
E Uzias gerou a Jotão; e Jotão gerou a Acaz; e Acaz gerou a Ezequias; 

 10 And Ezekias begat Manasses; and Manasses begat Amon; and Amon begat Josias;
E Ezequias gerou a Manassés; e Manassés gerou a Amom; e Amom gerou a Josias; 

 11 And Josias begat Jechonias and his brethren, about the time they were carried away to Babylon:
E Josias gerou a Jeconias e a seus irmãos na deportação para babilônia. 

 12 And after they were brought to Babylon, Jechonias begat Salathiel; and Salathiel begat Zorobabel;
E, depois da deportação para a babilônia, Jeconias gerou a Salatiel; e Salatiel gerou a Zorobabel; 

 13 And Zorobabel begat Abiud; and Abiud begat Eliakim; and Eliakim begat Azor;
E Zorobabel gerou a Abiúde; e Abiúde gerou a Eliaquim; e Eliaquim gerou a Azor; 

 14 And Azor begat Sadoc; and Sadoc begat Achim; and Achim begat Eliud;
E Azor gerou a Sadoque; e Sadoque gerou a Aquim; e Aquim gerou a Eliúde; 

 15 And Eliud begat Eleazar; and Eleazar begat Matthan; and Matthan begat Jacob;
E Eliúde gerou a Eleazar; e Eleazar gerou a Matã; e Matã gerou a Jacó; 

 16 And Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ.
E Jacó gerou a José, marido de Maria, da qual nasceu JESUS, que se chama o Cristo. 

 17 So all the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen generations; and from David until the carrying away into Babylon are fourteen generations; and from the carrying away into Babylon unto Christ are fourteen generations.

De sorte que todas as gerações, desde Abraão até Davi, são catorze gerações; e desde Davi até a deportação para a babilônia, catorze gerações; e desde a deportação para a babilônia até Cristo, catorze gerações. 

 18 Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: When as his mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Ghost.
Ora, o nascimento de Jesus Cristo foi assim: Que estando Maria, sua mãe, desposada com José, antes de se ajuntarem, achou-se ter concebido do Espírito Santo. 

 19 Then Joseph her husband, being a just man, and not willing to make her a publick example, was minded to put her away privily.
Então José, seu marido, como era justo, e a não queria infamar, intentou deixá-la secretamente. 

20 But while he thought on these things, behold, the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, saying, Joseph, thou son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife: for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost.
E, projetando ele isto, eis que em sonho lhe apareceu um anjo do Senhor, dizendo: José, filho de Davi, não temas receber a Maria, tua mulher, porque o que nela está gerado é do Espírito Santo;

 21 And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name JESUS: for he shall save his people from their sins.
E dará à luz um filho e chamarás o seu nome JESUS; porque ele salvará o seu povo dos seus pecados.
22 Now all this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying,
 Tudo isto aconteceu para que se cumprisse o que foi dito da parte do Senhor, pelo profeta, que diz; 

 23 Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us.
Eis que a virgem conceberá, e dará à luz um filho, E chamá-lo-ão pelo nome de EMANUEL, Que traduzido é: Deus conosco. 

 24 Then Joseph being raised from sleep did as the angel of the Lord had bidden him, and took unto him his wife:
E José, despertando do sono, fez como o anjo do Senhor lhe ordenara, e recebeu a sua mulher; 

 25 And knew her not till she had brought forth her firstborn son: and he called his name JESUS.
E não a conheceu até que deu à luz seu filho, o primogênito; e pôs-lhe por nome Jesus.

Maiores informações:
Matthew Chapter 1
http://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Matthew-Chapter-1/
https://www.bibliaonline.com.br/acf/mt/1

FREE Bible Download

FREE Bible Download

Estive procurando por uma Bíblia, em inglês, para estudar mais sobre este idioma.

Encontrei este site:
http://www.biblepath.com/bible_download.html

Não fiz o download, ainda! Mas vendo a apresentação em slide, me parece um excelente programa.
"http://www.biblepath.com/movie/origiwjpresent.swf

Tamanho do arquivo: 14,33 Megabytes
Sistema Operacional: Windows
O autor avisa que o programa vai como está, sem garantia, ainda que expressa ou implicita.

O arquivo vai compactado (Zip). Será necessário descompactá-lo. Se você procurar pela internet encontrará muitos programas que façam isso, caso não tenha instalado em seu computador.

DONWLOAD

File Size: 14.33 MB

Operating System: Windows 95/98/ME/XP/Vista/7

Resolution Setting: 800X600 or better

Version: 8.0.0

Author: Craig Richmond

This software is provided as is, without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied.

Important: An installed "Zip" program on your computer will be needed to open the files.  If you find you need a Zip program, there are many "free zip programs" available for download from the internet.

Jimmy Swaggart - Paz no Vale (inglês)

Paz No Vale

Oh bem, eu estou tão farto e cansado

Mas eu devo prosseguir sozinho

Até que o Senhor venha e me chame, me chame pra longe, oh sim

Bem, a manhã está tão clara

E o Cordeiro é a luz

E a noite, a noite é negra como o mar, oh sim

Haverá paz no vale para mim, algum dia

Haverá paz no vale para mim, oh Senhor é o que peço

Lá não haverá tristeza, nem dor

Nem problemas, problemas que eu vejo

Haverá paz no vale para mim, para mim

Então, o urso será manso

E os lobos estarão domados

E o leão se deitará junto ao cordeiro, oh sim

E as feras do campo

Serão guiadas por uma criança

E eu serei transformado, transformado dessa criatura que eu sou, oh sim

Haverá paz no vale para mim, algum dia

Haverá paz no vale para mim, oh Senhor é o que peço

Lá não haverá tristeza, nem dor

Nem problemas, problemas que eu vejo

Haverá paz no vale para mim, para mim

Peace In The Valley

Oh well, I'm tired and so weary

But I must go alone

Till the lord comes and calls, calls me away, oh yes

Well the morning's so bright

And the lamb is the light

And the night, night is as black as the sea, oh yes

There will be peace in the valley for me, some day

There will be peace in the valley for me, oh Lord I pray

There'll be no sadness, no sorrow

No trouble, trouble I see

There will be peace in the valley for me, for me

Well the bear will be gentle

And the wolves will be tame

And the lion shall lay down by the lamb, oh yes

And the beasts from the wild

Shall be lit by a child

And I'll be changed, changed from this creature that I am, ohyes

There will be peace in the valley for me, some day

There will be peace in the valley for me, oh Lord I pray

There'll be no sadness, no sorrow

No trouble, trouble I see

There will be peace in the valley for me, for me

Elvis Presley Gospel - Paz no vale

Elvis Presley Gospel - Paz no vale

(desta vez ele dedica esta musica a sua mãe)

Veja a letra em: (http://letras.mus.br/elvis-presley/31465/traducao.html)

Peace In The Valley

Oh well, I'm tired and so weary

But I must go alone

Till the lord comes and calls, calls me away, oh yes

Well the morning's so bright

And the lamb is the light

And the night, night is as black as the sea, oh yes

There will be peace in the valley for me, some day

There will be peace in the valley for me, oh Lord I pray

There'll be no sadness, no sorrow

No trouble, trouble I see

There will be peace in the valley for me, for me

Well the bear will be gentle

And the wolves will be tame

And the lion shall lay down by the lamb, oh yes

And the beasts from the wild

Shall be lit by a child

And I'll be changed, changed from this creature that I am, ohyes

There will be peace in the valley for me, some day

There will be peace in the valley for me, oh Lord I pray

There'll be no sadness, no sorrow

No trouble, trouble I see

There will be peace in the valley for me, for me

Paz No Vale

Oh bem, eu estou tão farto e cansado

Mas eu devo prosseguir sozinho

Até que o Senhor venha e me chame, me chame pra longe, oh sim

Bem, a manhã está tão clara

E o Cordeiro é a luz

E a noite, a noite é negra como o mar, oh sim

Haverá paz no vale para mim, algum dia

Haverá paz no vale para mim, oh Senhor é o que peço

Lá não haverá tristeza, nem dor

Nem problemas, problemas que eu vejo

Haverá paz no vale para mim, para mim

Então, o urso será manso

E os lobos estarão domados

E o leão se deitará junto ao cordeiro, oh sim

E as feras do campo

Serão guiadas por uma criança

E eu serei transformado, transformado dessa criatura que eu sou, oh sim

Haverá paz no vale para mim, algum dia

Haverá paz no vale para mim, oh Senhor é o que peço

Lá não haverá tristeza, nem dor

Nem problemas, problemas que eu vejo

Haverá paz no vale para mim, para mim

Iran nuclear deal 'a bad mistake' Israel's Netanyahu

Iran nuclear deal 'a bad mistake' Israel's Netanyahu

Publicado em 14 de jul de 2015, o vídeo é curto, apenas um minuto.

A legenda informa sobre a limitação programa nuclear do Irã em troca da suspensão das sanções foi alcançado nas negociações em Viena. Seis potências mundiais , incluindo os EUA , a Rússia eo Reino Unido têm vindo a negociar com o Irã por vários anos.

A deal on limiting Iran's nuclear programme in return for the lifting of sanctions has been reached at talks in Vienna. Six world powers including the US, Russia and the UK have been negotiating with Iran for several years.
Iran, which wants crippling international sanctions lifted, has always insisted that its nuclear work is peaceful.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu reacted by saying that Iran would receive a "sure path to nuclear weapons" and "a cash bonanza of hundreds of billions of dollars".

***

The President Announces a Historic Nuclear Deal with Iran

The President Announces a Historic Nuclear Deal with Iran

Publicado em 14 de jul de 2015, possui duração de catorze (14) minutos. O presidente dos E.U.A, Barak Obama, anuncia o  "histórico" acordo nuclear com Iran.

President Obama delivers remarks to announce a historic nuclear agreement that will verifiably prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon.
Barack Obama speaks with Vice President Joe Biden at his side as he delivers a statement about the nuclear deal reached between Iran and six major world powers.
Categoria: Notícias e política
Licença: Licença padrão do YouTube

***

Photoshop Tutorial : Flawless Skin Retouching (Frequency Separation)

Photoshop Tutorial : Flawless Skin Retouching (Frequency Separation)

Publicado em 20 de ago de 2014

EP: 1
In this online tutorial using adobe photoshop CS6, I am showing you a super fast and Easy technique for Skin Retouching as well as eliminating hair on the ace and body while keeping the skin texture perfectly in tact using Frequency Seperation. This a great photo editing technique for any photographer who shoots fashion, beauty, portraits and even head shots.

Have Fun!

All Photography was shot by yours truly Phoenix White at Emkron Studios www.emkron.net

Music by: Tinush
Photography & Retouching by Me - Phoenix White
Makeup By: Elaina Badro

Subscribe Now if you liked this video. I would love to also get your feedback.

Check out my websites
Emkron.net
PhoenixWhite.net

Step By Step Directions
1. Make 2 Duplicate Layers : Color & Texture

2. Color Layer : Filter - Blur - Gaussian Blur

3. Texture Layer : Image - Apply Image • Scale - 2 • Offset - 128 • Layer - Color • Blending - Subtract - then press ok

Texture Layer - Blending Mode - Linear Light

4. Tools: Clone Stamp - Opacity 30-60% Flow 55%

5. Highlight the Layers - Drag them to the folder icon

6. Color Layer : Tools Panel - Clone Stamp or Patch Tool

7. Clone Stamp : Increase Brush Size - Opacity 20-30%

If you have any questions please feel free to ask.

XO-Phoenix

Categoria

• • Educação

Licença

• • Licença padrão do YouTube

How to Retouch, Airbrush, Smooth Skin Professionally in Photoshop Tutorial

How to Retouch, Airbrush, Smooth Skin Professionally in Photoshop Tutorial

Publicado em 26 de dez de 2014

Learn how to edit and retouch photo in Photoshop like professionally. In this tutorial i will use Topaz and other airbrush tech to get smooth skin.

Blogger
www.arunzdigitalphotography.blogspot.com

Follow
www.facebook.com/aruncreation

Contact
arunzcreation@gmail.com

• Categoria

  • Educação

• Licença

  • Licença padrão do YouTube

Retouch, Airbrush, Smooth skin, Glamour glow effect Professionally in Photoshop Cs6 Tutorials

Publicado em 18 de nov de 2013

Photoshop : Retouch, Airbrush, Smooth skin, Glamour glow effect Professionally in Photoshop Cs6 Tutorials just in few mins and Portrait retouching and photo enhancing. this tutorial is very simple to understand for beginers and every one can use this method to produce same result.

Contact : arunkumar0777@gmail.com
subsribe channel : www.youtube.com/arunkumar0777

• Categoria

  • Educação

• Licença

  • Licença padrão do YouTube

Skin Retouching via Frequency Seperation

Skin Retouching via Frequency Seperation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJFYTBsX9Q4

Publicado em 18 de mar de 2014

The 2 brushes I use most available for free. Why? because they're simple and I like you... well, most of you!

http://layerjunkie.com/product/essent...

Download the action for Frequency Seperation.

http://layerjunkie.com/product/freque...

Frequency Separation is commonly used among top Photographers and Retouchers to in part achieve that flawless complexion, free from blemishes and distractions. This powerful technique can be used to not only refine an image but totally transform it. Follow along as I show you just how far you can take this technique. I'll even show you how you can transcend the typical skin retouch and use this powerful tool to touch up any image.

Stay up to date by following me at:

www.facebook.com/michaelherbphoto
www.twitter.com/mherbphoto

Like the desk, lamp or coaster? go to www.JoyceChanelDesigns.com

Categoria

• • Educação

Licença

• • Licença padrão do YouTube
  • 
    

Skin Retouching Tutorial / Frequency Separation / click3d

Skin Retouching Tutorial / Frequency Separation / click3d

Publicado em 25 de out de 2014

In this video I demonstrate how to do high end skin retouching using a method called "Frequency Separation" step by step

Final Output - http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DodF5dtfmW4...

project files at - http://clickon3d.blogspot.com/2014/10...

Follow

Google - https://plus.google.com/u/0/112823882...
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Click3d
YouTube - http://www.youtube.com/clickon3d
Website - http://clickon3d.blogspot.in/
........................................­................................
Music Description

Music - "Stringed Disco"
by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) is licensed under CC Attribution 3.0.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b...
direct link - http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-....

• Categoria

  • Filmes e desenhos

• Licença

  • Licença padrão do YouTube
  
  selecione a camada color, use a ferramenta laço (lasso tool), tamanho 15 pixel
  selecione uma parte da imagem e aplique o efeito de desfoque gausiano.
  
  
  voce pode ver a diferença
  
  
  agora selecione a camada textura e com a escala de cinza (blending) no modo overlay ou SOBREPOR.
  
  
  use a ferramente dodge toll e highlight sobre os olhos algumas partes e veja como fica.
  
  
  pegue uma nova camada.
  vamos ajustar os labios
  alterar a camada para o modo color (colorir) usar a ferramenta pincel.
  pode-se ajustar a opacidade para verificar os labios.
  
  
  agora crie uma nova camada de ajuste (adjustment) e escola a opção (selective color) cor seletiva.
  
  
  após isso, agrupe todas as camadas e vá a opção -
  filers - sharpen - smart sharpen
  filtros - aguçar - aguçar inteligente.
  

A história das *coisas*

A história das coisas

É um excelente vídeo. Mostra a cadeia de produção e suas consequências para os seres humanos e para o meio ambiente. O áudio é inglês com legendas em português.

Disponível em: www.storystuff.com

O que vai acontecer ... em 2012? (translate)

O que vai acontecer ... em 2012?

Talvez nada?
Talvez tudo?
Tudo isso vai chegar a um fim?
Ou será um novo ciclo começa?
Será que vamos todos ficar na mesma?
Ou estamos mudando energeticamente?
Vamos ceder a nossos medos
ou
vamos bolsa mais felicidade?
vamos mudar a maneira como nos relacionamos ...
uns aos outros?
para o planeta?
para nós mesmos?
Estamos na merda energetc estamos esperando?
E o que sobre você?
Yeah! Você
Qual é a sua vontade?
Vai tomar uma chance?
Você vai crescer?
Você vai expandir a sua consciência?
Você vai entrar em ressonância com uma verdade mais profunda?
Você vai fazer essa mudança?
Você vai tentar algo novo?
Você vai começar a criar novamente?
Você vai esperança?
Será que você sonha?
Você vai imaginar qualquer coisa é possível?
Nada!
Você vai abrir seu coração para o amor?
Você vai confiar o universo?
Vai permitir-se a ver ...
Você é exatamente o que este mundo precisa
Você faz a diferença
Você é a resposta
Você é uma força poderosa e criativa do universo sempre em expansão para o grande desconhecido
Você é a coragem, compaixão e criatividade
Está a diferença
entre o que foi eo que é
assim
o que vai acontecer em 2012
Vamos descobrir juntos

Preparando-se para 2012, fazendo a mudança energética.
A mudança de vida da série - início 2011/12/12
clique no link para saber mais.


COMENTÁRIO DO VIDEO:
Você se sente preparado para dar o salto com a gente para começar a próxima fase de um novo processo de SER. ... Então junte-se dos EUA para uma, a freqüência de vida empowering série levantando, abrindo o coração para realmente fazer a mudança energética dentro e através deste grande ano de 2012 levando à grande data de dezembro 2012.

Esta série está aqui para ajudá-lo no processamento profundamente na preparação e na orientação por meio de 2012.

Você será mostrado poderosas ferramentas de cura vibracional, técnicas e processos para ajudá-lo na limpeza de idade overlays limitar e abrir-lhe a verdade de quem você é como o mais brilhante ser de amor e luz ... a mais brilhante emanação do divino, grandioso o co-criador do seu universo.

COMENTARIO DOS VISITANTES:
Este vídeo foi inspirador para mim. Desde que ver isso, eu percebi que eu possa mudar tanto em minha vida. Eu comecei já, mas a partir de janeiro de 2012, eu vou empurrar o barco para fora e melhorar a minha própria vida ea vida daqueles arround me. Obrigado por esta inspiração. Eu realmente precisava disso!

The Jesus Film Project

The Jesus Film Project
The JESUS Film Project distributes the film "JESUS," a two-hour docudrama about the life of Christ based on the Gospel of Luke. The film has been seen in every country of the world and translated into hundreds of languages since its initial release in 1979. Our goal is to reach every nation, tribe, people and tongue, helping them see and hear the story of Jesus in a language they can understand. So whether a person speaks Swahili, French, or a language whose name is extremely difficult for most to pronounce, he or she will encounter the life and message of Jesus in a language "of the heart."

Many mission experts have acclaimed the "JESUS" film as one of the greatest evangelistic success stories of all time. The ultimate success of this project won't be measured by how many people have already seen it, but by how many will follow Him after seeing this film.

Through use by The JESUS Film Project, and more than 1,500 Christian agencies, this powerful film has had several billion viewings worldwide since 1979. On top of that, the great majority of those heard the story of Jesus in a language they easily understand.

As a result, more than 200 million people have indicated decisions to accept Christ as their personal Savior and Lord.

Grenade - Bruno Mars

Grenade - Bruno Mars

Easy come, easy go
That's just how you live, oh
Take, take, take it all
But you never give
Should've known you was trouble
From the first kiss
Had your eyes wide open
Why were they open?
Gave you all I had
And you tossed it in the trash
You tossed it in the trash, you did
To give me all your love
Is all I ever asked 'cause
What you don't understand is
I'd catch a grenade for ya
Throw my hand on a blade for ya
I'd jump in front of a train for ya
You know I'd do anything for ya
Oh oh, I would go through all of this pain
Take a bullet straight through my brain
Yes, I would die for you, baby
But you won't do the same
No, no no
Black, black, black and blue
Beat me 'til I'm numb
Tell the devil I said "hey"
When you get back to where you're from
Mad woman, bad woman
That's just what you are
Yeah, you'll smile in my face
Then rip the brakes out my car
Gave you all I had
And you tossed it in the trash
You tossed it in the trash, yes you did!
To give me all your love
Is all I ever asked, 'cause
What you don't understand is
I'd catch a grenade for ya
Throw my hand on a blade for ya
I'd jump in front of a train for ya
You know I'd do anything for ya
Oh oh, I would go through all of this pain
Take a bullet straight through my brain
Yes, I would die for you, baby
But you won't do the same
If my body was on fire
Oh, you'd watch me burn down in flames
You said you loved me, you're a liar
'Cause you never, ever, ever did baby
But darling, I'd still catch a grenade for ya
Throw my hand on a blade for ya
I'd jump in front of a train for ya
You know I'd do anything for ya
Oh oh, I would go through all of this pain
Take a bullet straight through my brain
Yes, I would die for ya, baby
But you won't do the same
No, you won't do the same
You wouldn't do the same
Oh, you'd never do the same
Oh, no no no

Kingdom of Heaven

Kingdom of Heaven

It is almost 100 years since Christian armis from Europe seized Jerusalem. Europe suffers in the grip of repression and proverty. Peasant and lord alike flee to the Holy Land in search for fortune or salvation. One Knight return home in search of his son.

France 1184

The king, Richard the Lionheart, went on to the Holy Landy and crusaded for three years.
His struggle to regain Jerusalem ended in an uncasy truce with Saladin.

Nearly a thousand years later, peace in the kingdom of heaven remains elusive.

Welcome to the pilgrim's guide, a historical text companion to kingdom of heaven.
Suicide is considered a sin in most religions, and in some states, it's considered a crime.
Some traditions in cristianity considered suicide the unredeemable sin (hanging was considered particulary so because the throat was constricted, thereby making it impossible to cry out in repentance).

Consequently, those who committed the sin of suicide could not be in sacred ground. Those bodies were often buried at the crossroads because they lost their way in life and would be lost in death as well.

Godfrey of Ibelin (played by Liam Neeson) is a knight, and knight rode mares or palfreys (latin for Light or Secondary horse), while the destries (or war horses) were ridden only in battle.
The word destrier comes from the fact that the knight's squire would lead the war horse with his right (derterous) hand.

Thielves in medieval europe were frequently mutilated for their crimes both as punishment and as a way of publicly branding them as thieves.

Depending on the region and the severity of the crime, some had their hands cut off. Suicides were normally dragged through the street and hung.

Balian (played by Orlando Bloom) is a blacksmith by trade. The word blacksmith comes from black (for the color of iron) and smite (to hit).

Historically, blacksmith in small towns also alted as ferries (those who make horseshoes), as Balian does, and would also work on wagons and wheels.

Godfrey and company have been part of the crusades. The word "crusade" comes from medieval latin Cruciata derived from the latin Crux and referred to the cloth emblem of the cross worm by participants in the crusades, those who were willing to "take up the cross".
The irony here is that Jesus referred to talking up the brden of what was a pacifist philosophy, while the crusaders were going to war.

The knight speaking to Balian is a Hospitaler, named for the "Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem".
The order was founded in 1070 A.D as a means of administering to the sick in Jerusalem, but with the advent of the crusades the order also became a military operation.
Their name was derived from their use of hospitals. Their uniforms consisted of black robes with a white cross on the left sleeve.

What man is a man that does not make the world better?

The quote "What man is a man that does not make the world better?" has no reference, it was created by screenwriter William Monahan.

"...and that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in his name to all nations, begginning at Jerusalem" (Luke 24:47) it seems this sentiment was taken literally.
One of the seeling point for joining the crusades was the remission of all sins and the primise of everlasting glory. Essentially, being involved was considered a ticket to heaven.

Godfrey is a fictional chracter who would have been involved in the second crusade, which ran from 1144-1150, with the crusaders holding Jerusalem until 1187, when Richard I led the third crusade.
There were eight crusades in total, with the first in 1096m and the end in 1291, when the mameluks conquered Acre, and killed or enslaved all remaining crusaders.
Though knights were known for their supposed chivalry, they were trained to be killing machines, often literate, and usually were the first into any battle.

Balian is based on a real person, who knew his father (barisan of Ibelin) and had two brothers hugh and baldwin. His father moved from being a knight to a lord when he married Balian's mother, Helva.

Helva was of royal blood, so in 1148 barisan inherited. A lordship, and was involved in the second crusade while meeting with a concil at Acre, and helped if the crusaders should attack Dammascus.

Balian was named after his father as barisan, when translated, become Balian. He was also known as Balian the younger, Balian of Ramia Balian of Nablus.

He was born around 1143 and die around 1193 (records are not entirely sure) and had four children: Helvis, John (or Jean), Marguerite and Philip (or Philipe).

Balian did not come from France, he lived outside of Europe in the Holy Land, and would have been 38 at this time.

Godfrey is fictionalized, but the first crusade did include man named Godfrey of Bouvillon, who was one of the first to take up the cross, helped finance it, and was in charge of the second frankish army.

This Godfrey was also a great warrior, Having reportedly cleaved a turkish horseman though the Middle so that his body fell in two equal halves.

Godfrey fought alongside his brother Baldwin of Jerusalem (who later became Baldwin I of Jerusalem). In 1099 he captured Jerusalem for crusaders, and was elected it's first king.
Godfrey didn't want to be crowned king in the Holy Land, so he took the tittle "Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri" or "Defender of the holy sepulchre" an Eastern Orthodoxy.
Godfrey reigned for a year, and was able to gain rule over Acre, Arsuf, Ascalon, Caesarea, and Jaffa. He died in 1100 without having conquered Egypt.

His brother Baldwin became the first king of Jerusalem, and rules for eighteen years, to be suceeeded by Baldwin II.

Balian may be preparing weapons for the crusaders, but crusaders had much to learn about sword making from their arab counterparts.

The muslim method of hardening swords in the Middle Ages was the Damascene process. This was accomplished by thrusting a superheated blade in the body of a slave and them into cold water.

Crusaders dscovered that swords made of Damascus steel were more resilient and harder than those of european manufature, and paid the price for it. It wasn't until 500 years after the crusades that europeans learned of this technique.

Their version was less brutal as they found they could accomplish the same hardening by thrusting a red-hot sword into a mass of animal skins so aking in water.
It is the nitrogen, given off by the skins in the water.
It is the nitrogen, given off by the skins in the water, that produces a chemical reation in the steel to harden it.

The crusaders were seen as the ultimate in sin purging, and it was to benefit anyone who participated, sanctioned by the church. Warring was considered fair game by St. Agustine, who said:

"An offensive war is just when waged against a state that repuses to make reparations for wrongs commited or fails to return seized property."

But the more common reason, given in the film and in real life, was the belief that "God wills it".
The violent clash of cultures that the crusades caused profoundly changed the Western world. The crusades introduced pepper, ginger, cloves, rice, sesame, carob, oranges, lemons, melons, peaches, dates and perhaps more importantly sugar to the West. It changed the way people pressed, with sick and velvet now introduced along with the ability to dye clothes.
It was also the experience in the Middle East. That taught europeans to bath on a regular basis, and about the use of perfumes and powders.

Through the crusades come the invention of the crossbow. The compass, and led to the Western acceptance of the printing press and gunpowder. On average, the journey was around 3.000 miles and many who made the journey died along the way of famine or disease.

Loosely, a horse - by average - travels 20-30 miles a day, with a day of rest every 4-6 days. That's an average of 125 miles every six days, and that's not factoring in rough terrain.

The trip couldtake about 144 days or about five months of travel, and that's not even if one has foot soldiers, and that's not even if one has foot soldiers, who woud travel much slower.
As the crusades began populations were crowing; in france the population doubled from 1000 C.E (the Common Era, also known as A.D) to 1100, and that meant fewer estates which caused more men to make their names and claims away from home. Private wars between feudal lords were also on their way out. The church decreed Pax Dei (Peace of God) which meant if one used violence on innocents (like priests and serfs) if promised excommunication. Land skimishes were the way of the culture, and sending those used to fighting on a Holy Quest had it's benefits.

The first crusade came into play in 1095 when pope Urban II brought together the french nobles and knights to save Jerusalem from Persians. His words were:

"O race of franks, race most beloved and chosen by God! from the confines of Jerusalem and the city of Constantinople a horrible table gone forth and very frequently has been brought to our ears. That a race from the kingdom of the Persians, an accursed race, a race ulterly alienated from God, has invated the lands of Christians and has depopulated by sword, pillage and fire."

The pope then spoke of the cruelties of the Persians and rewards for the crusaders troubless food, land, wealth, and absolution which were so well receibed that the knights shortly there after were off.

Godfrey advises the high guard as the starting position. Since the long sword is the weapon of choice, this posture gives the defendant the benefit of gravity in their attacks.

La Posta di Falcone (The guard of Hawk) is a provocation guard. Carrying it upright at a 45 degree angle instead of at low guard provides a natural, fast, and extremely powerful cut from this position.

The medieval sword of choice was generally a long straight, double - edged blade with a cross - guard that tended to resemble a crucifix. Most were one - hanted weapons, unlike the swords these men are using.

The word sword comes from the Old English Sweord, which is similar to the german swerd (aka wounding tool). This them is derived from an earlier languages sver, which means "to wound or hurt".
The handle, called the hilt, can utilize many materials, but most commonly featured wood covered by leather, fish-skin or metal wiring. Obviously, Godfrey sword is special, as it comes with a jewel in the pommel.
The pommel is essentially a counter weight to help give the weapon balance, and is more than simply decorantive. The pommel has remained a key element of sword play to this day.
Also a popular weapon at the time was the male, as it could crush a skull without if you were trying to obey the letter of the law by not spilling blood on certain days.

The male is a simple evolution of the club, in metal form, and has been around for over 14.000 years. It new found popularity in this era was based on it's cheapness and effectiveness against armor.

The two handed variants is called a maul, which is also called a "war hammer" these weapons, though, were considered the terrain of the poor.

These weapons shouldn't be confused with a flail. The flail is made of one or more spiked metal balls attached to a handle by a chain or hinge, where as a morning star has one large metal ball with no hinge.
The flail is more powerful than the male, because the metal ball is swung in circles to gain monumentum, before bringing it crashing down on an enemy. But with more power comes more responsibility, as it takes mastering to maintain correct velocity and, of course, from keeping the users from wounding themselves.

As with his cinematic parallel, the real Godfrey was also a great warrior. Godfrey was also known for wresting a bear and winning, and slicing off the head of a camel with one stroke.

to be continued.

SPARTACUS

SPARTACUS
www.universalstudios.com

You were right, Varina. Vengeance alone is not enough.
To become like you enemy is to lose to him. But what's important isn't our living or our dying... but this new thing we've created, however briefly. A world without slaves. And if you die, will tell that story?
Live, so that I will live. So that we will live on. So that it wont be wasted or forgotten.

Dialogue 01

- Did you see the look he gave you, Varinia?
- I didn't. And even if I had.. I wouldn't care.
- What sort of look.
- What look you... what look... you tell me.

I made a promise once to tell our story. It began in a small village in Gaul, where I was born a free woman. Then the Romans distroyed my world and made me a slave. Nothing and no once could stand agains the Romans.
But Rome herself was torn by conflict. Bloody civil was raged for years between plebeian and their rivals, the patricians by senator Marcus Crassus, the richest man in the world. As a child, he had seen his father murdered in the Forum.
Crassus had risen from the ashes of his family's defeat to unlimited welth and ambition.

Ambition kept in check only by his rivals like Antonius Agrippa. The civil wars were over. Men smiled at one another in public. But the fighting never stopped.

Dialogue 02:

- Fishing for votes?
- No, just enjoying our democratic way of life.
- A new wine. From Spain.
- Delicius. But I like your cupbearer better. Any news from Spain along with the wine?
- A great victory by Pompey.
- Another? The man is positively boring in his triumphs. I shall console my self with the way Crassus must feel.

Dialogue 03:

Man_1 - Pompey's no great warrior the got so fat on the riches of his triumphs he can't ride his horse.
Crassus - Disparage Pompey all you like but the man get's the job done.
Man_2 - Victory over a handful of vermin ridden Gaulish peasants is hardly the mark of military distinction.
Man_1 - They say he will be Consul.
Crassus - This grape is not to my satisfaction. More wine... I think I'm going to borrow your life, Cornelius.

The welth of a man like Crassus could be seen in gold or silver but it's true measure was in flesh. Thousands of slaves. They lived out their short lives in a world of suffering at the whim of their masters.
No Roman citizens gave then a second thought.

Dialogue 04:

- Greetings, citizens. Today we offer a group of barbariaus from Gaul courtesy of the great Pompey.
- Batiatus. What brings you up from Capua?
- The same thing as you, I would imagine. My stock need freshening.
- Although how a man from the country can bid against a Senator.
- I might as well go home.
- A modest man from the country? your is widely known as the finest gladitorial school in all Italy.
- You flatter me.
- No, not in the least.
- Look at this beauty. And a virgin.
- A virgin. Given the appetite of our frontier troops, I doubt that.
- Being a virging is overrated.
- It's just an excuse to inflate the price.
- Good teeth. Wide hips and an excellent breeder.
- Magnificent.
- She's easy on the eye, i'll grant you but these Gauls have thin blood. They rarely last the winter. I'd be like throwing your money away.
- Why, Batiatus, are you in love? Don't worry my friend. I won't bid against you.
- Of course.
- Five hundred sesterces!
- Done!

Dialogue 05:

- How can the senate choose Pompey over you as the next consul?
- It would be a close vote. I bought you a gift.
- It's beautiful. You are too generous.
- Am I? Well, I suppose i might be... show me.

In the arms of the richest man in Rome and her husband's best friend. Helena might be forgiven her ignorance of the bracelet's origin. It's true cost.

What is hell? Hell is that place where the simplest action become painfull. Where it hurts to walk, to breathe, even to think. The gold mines of Egypt were such as hell.
Among the Thracian slaves condemned to an early death. One would shake the Roman world. His name Spartacus.

Dialogue 06

- Pick it up!
- Stop! So he's a Thracian, yes?
- Worse. He's an animal.
- Good. That's even better. This is your lucky day, Thracian.

Dialogue 07

- What kind of a place is this?

- Move!

- Fresh meat.

- Slint your hole! Get back to work. You stink, animals. Clean your selves.

- This way.

- I want these cut into this slices. I wouldn't give this to a dog!

- I could get used to this. I am Gamricus. This is Spartacus.

- David the Jew. He never talks. Some say he can't. You're Thracian? The crowd like Thracians.

- Be quiet, Nordo. Eat.

- Didn't get your name, friend?

- You're not my friend. I don't wanna know your name, your story.

- Why not?

- I might meet you in the arena some day, and then i'll kill you.

- Why wait?

- You'll have plenty of chances to fight. Save it for when you have no choice. Eat.

to be continue